OUTLINE - REFERENCES

I] Trace elements in human nutrition - [five major elements P, K, Na, Fe, Mg, Ca] - [six major elements P, K, Na, Fe, Mg, Ca] - [The major elements are Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S]. - [minor elements Ca, Cl, K, Mg, N and P]
[The major and minor elements, Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Al, Sr, and Cu]

[Major and Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Cu, Fe and Zn] 

	IA] Trace elements in biological and human tissue

	[Author's note:] Each year approximately 9800 papers on trace elements are published. Analyses of the amount of trace elements in human tissue, animal and plant tissue range from the complete natural range of 72 trace elements - to the 8 long recognized trace elements, with the median lying between 20 and 30 trace elements - far above the 8 trace elements maintained by our modern agriculture in the production of our food.  

		
1] The Wisdom of the Genes"

2] Emsley J.
    The Elements", 2nd edition; Clarendon Press, Oxford,1993
    {lists  amounts of  ...elements in human muscle, bone and blood; also their biological role (now badly outdated)}

3] Schroeder HA.
    "the trace elements and man"; the Devin-Adair Company, Old Greenwich, Connecticut, 1978
    {treats 36 trace elements, 17 'essential' and 19 'non-essential' trace elements (now outdated)}	



Shinohara A, Chiba M, Inaba Y.
[Analysis of trace elements in biological materials by microwave induced plasma-mass spectrometry]
Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1994 Dec;49(5):924-34. Japanese. 
PMID: 7830348 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 72 elements}

Rodushkin I, Axelsson MD. 
Application of double focusing sector field ICP-MS for multielemental characterization of human hair and nails. Part II. A study of the inhabitants of northern Sweden.
Sci Total Environ. 2000 Oct 30;262(1-2):21-36. 
PMID: 11059839 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{lists 71 trace elements}

[63 ele] Gundersen V, Bechmann IE, Behrens A, Sturup S. 
Comparative investigation of concentrations of major and trace elements in organic and conventional Danish agricultural crops. 1. Onions (Allium cepa Hysam) and peas (Pisum sativum ping pong).
J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Dec;48(12):6094-102.
PMID: 11312781 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[50] Bibak A, Sturup S, Haahr V, Gundersen P, Gundersen V.
Concentrations of 50 major and trace elements in Danish agricultural crops measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 3. Potato (Solanum tuberosum folva).
J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Jul;47(7):2678-84.
PMID: 10552544 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[50 ele] Sabbioni E, Nicolaou GR, Pietra R, Beccaloni E, Coni E, Alimonti A, Caroli S.
Inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry and neutron activation analysis for the determination of element reference values in human lung tissue.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1990 Jul-Dec;26-27:757-68.
PMID: 1704786 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[46 trace]  Minoia C, Sabbioni E, Apostoli P, Pietra R, Pozzoli L, Gallorini M, Nicolaou G, Alessio L, Capodaglio E.
Trace element reference values in tissues from inhabitants of the European community. I. A study of 46 elements in urine, blood and serum of Italian subjects.
Sci Total Environ. 1990 Jun;95:89-105. 
PMID: 2402627 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[46 trace] Almeida CM, Vasconcelos MT. 
Multielement composition of wines and their precursors including provenance soil and their potentialities as fingerprints of wine origin.
J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Jul 30;51(16):4788-98.
PMID: 14705914 [PubMed - in process]

[45 ele] Ichihashi H, Nakamura Y, Kannan K, Tsumura A, Yamasaki S.
Multi-elemental concentrations in tissues of Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus).
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2001 Nov;41(4):483-90.
PMID: 11598786 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[44] Padovese P, Gallieni M, Brancaccio D, Pietra R, Fortaner S, Sabbioni E, Minoia C, Markakis K, Berlin A.
Trace elements in dialysis fluids and assessment of the exposure of patients on regular hemodialysis, hemofiltration and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
Nephron. 1992;61(4):442-8.
PMID: 1501743 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[44]  Ichihashi H, Kohno H, Kannan K, Tsumura A, Yamasaki SI.
Multielemental analysis of purpleback flying squid using high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS).
Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Aug 1;35(15):3103-8.
PMID: 11505984 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Puchyr RF, Bass DA, Gajewski R, Calvin M, Marquardt W, Urek K, Druyan ME, Quig D.
Preparation of hair for measurement of elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998 Jun;62(3):167-82. 
PMID: 9676881 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{lists 42 elements}

[42] Awadallah RM, Sherif MK, Mohamed AE, Grass F.
Determination of trace elements of Egyptian cane sugar (Naga Hammady factories) by neutron activation, atomic absorption spectrophotometric and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric analyses.
Int J Environ Anal Chem. 1984;19(1):41-53.
PMID: 6526566 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[42 ele] Rodushkin I, Odman F.
Application of inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry for elemental analysis of urine.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2001 Apr;14(4):241-7.
PMID: 11396785 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[41 trace] Krachler M, Irgolic KJ.
The potential of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the simultaneous determination of trace elements in whole blood, plasma and serum.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 1999 Nov;13(3):157-69.
PMID: 10612079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Imahori A, Fukushima I.
[Neutron activation analysis of human hair--multivariate analysis of factors influencing on trace element contents in hair-- (author's transl)]
Radioisotopes. 1980 Jun;29(6):266-71. Japanese.
PMID: 7208973 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{lists 40 trace elements}

[40 trace] Falandysz J, Ichihashi H, Mizera T, Yamasaki S. Related Articles, Links  
[Mineral composition of selected tissues and organs of white-tailed sea eagle]
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2000;51(1):1-5. Polish.
PMID: 10846930 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Suzuki S, Okada Y, Hirai S.
Determination of multielements in a typical Japanese diet certified reference material by instrumental neutron activation analysis.
Anal Sci. 2003 Aug;19(8):1215-7. 
PMID: 12945682 [PubMed - in process]
{lists 38 trace elements}

[38] Falandysz J, Szymczyk K, Ichihashi H, Bielawski L, Gucia M, Frankowska A, Yamasaki S. 
ICP/MS and ICP/AES elemental analysis (38 elements) of edible wild mushrooms growing in Poland.
Food Addit Contam. 2001 Jun;18(6):503-13.
PMID: 11407749 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[38 ele] Reimann C, Koller F, Frengstad B, Kashulina G, Niskavaara H, Englmaier P.
Comparison of the element composition in several plant species and their substrate from a 1500000-km2 area in Northern Europe.
Sci Total Environ. 2001 Oct 20;278(1-3):87-112.
PMID: 11669279 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Chittleborough G. 
A chemist's view of the analysis of human hair for trace elements.
Sci Total Environ. 1980 Jan;14(1):53-75. Review. 
PMID: 6768128 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{lists 37 trace elements}

Zeisler R, Demiralp R, Koster BJ, Becker PR, Burow M, Ostapczuk P, Wise SA.
Determination of inorganic constituents in marine mammal tissues.
Sci Total Environ. 1993 Nov 1;139-140:365-86. 
PMID: 8272841 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 36 elements}

[34 trace] Taylor VF, Longerich HP, Greenough JD.
Multielement analysis of Canadian wines by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and multivariate statistics.
J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Feb 12;51(4):856-60. 
PMID: 12568538 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[34 ele] Ihnat M.
Development of a new series of agricultural/food reference materials for analytical quality control of elemental determinations.
J AOAC Int. 1994 Nov-Dec;77(6):1605-27.
PMID: 7819768 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Liubchenko PN, Revich BA, Kolesnik VV.
[Microelement composition of the hair of workers in the ceramic paint industry]
Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1989;(3):7-9. Russian. 
PMID: 2526062 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 33 trace elements}

Moon J, Davison AJ, Smith TJ, Fadl S.
Correlation clusters in the accumulation of metals in human scalp hair: effects of age, community of residence, and abundances of metals in air and water supplies.
Sci Total Environ. 1988 Jun 15;72:87-112. 
PMID: 3406735 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 32 trace elements}

Yukawa M, Amano K, Suzuki-Yasumoto M, Terai M.
Distribution of trace elements in the human body determined by neutron activation analysis.
Arch Environ Health. 1980 Jan-Feb;35(1):36-44. 
PMID: 7362268 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 31 trace elements}

Joost J, Tessadri R.
Trace element investigations in kidney stone patients.
Eur Urol. 1987;13(4):264-70. 
PMID: 3653168 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 31 trace elements}

Stone SF, Koster BJ, Zeisler R.
Instrumental neutron activation analysis of Standard Reference Material 1941,
Organics in Marine Sediment. Element content and homogeneity.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1990 Jul-Dec;26-27:579-87. 
PMID: 1704765 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 31 elements}
 
Tluchor D, Stverak B, Ciganek L.
Trace element distribution in human eye.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1990 Jul-Dec;26-27:709-19. 
PMID: 1704779 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 30 trace elements}

Perkons AK, Velandia JA, Dienes M.
Forensic aspects of trace element variation in the hair of isolated Amazonas Indian tribes.
J Forensic Sci. 1977 Jan;22(1):95-105. 
PMID: 263950 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 30 trace elements}

[30 trace] Mosulishvili LM, Kirkesali EI, Belokobylsky AI, Khizanishvili AI, Frontasyeva MV, Pavlov SS, Gundorina SF.
Experimental substantiation of the possibility of developing selenium- and iodine-containing pharmaceuticals based on blue-green algae Spirulina platensis.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2002 Aug 22;30(1):87-97.
PMID: 12151068 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Zhong H, Tan M, Fu Y, Huang J, Tang Z.
Determination of trace elements in tissue of human uterine cancer by instrumental neutron activation analysis.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1999 Winter;71-72:569-74. 
PMID: 10676533 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 29 trace elements}

[29 trace] Cowgill UM.
Elemental analysis of a tumor from a nocturnal prosimian with special emphasis on bromine.
Sci Total Environ. 1977 Jan;7(1):63-9.
PMID: 402025 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[28 trace]  Shimbo S, Hayase A, Murakami M, Hatai I, Higashikawa K, Moon CS, Zhang ZW, Watanabe T, Iguchi H, Ikeda M.  
Use of a food composition database to estimate daily dietary intake of nutrient or trace elements in Japan, with reference to its limitation.
Food Addit Contam. 1996 Oct;13(7):775-86. 
PMID: 8885318 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

DiPietro ES, Phillips DL, Paschal DC, Neese JW. 
Determination of trace elements in human hair. Reference intervals for 28 elements in nonoccupationally exposed adults in the US and effects of hair treatments.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1989 Oct;22(1):83-100. 
PMID: 2484231 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 28 elements}

[28] DiPietro ES, Phillips DL, Paschal DC, Neese JW.
Determination of trace elements in human hair. Reference intervals for 28 elements in nonoccupationally exposed adults in the US and effects of hair treatments.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1989 Oct;22(1):83-100.
PMID: 2484231 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Paschal DC, DiPietro ES, Phillips DL, Gunter EW.
Age dependence of metals in hair in a selected U.S. population.
Environ Res. 1989 Feb;48(1):17-28. 
PMID: 2914563 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 28 trace elements}

Cromwell PF, Abadie BR, Stephens JT, Kyler M. 
Hair mineral analysis: biochemical imbalances and violent criminal behavior.
Psychol Rep. 1989 Feb;64(1):259-66. 
PMID: 2928439 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 27 trace elements}

[27 trace] Sarmani SB, Abugassa I, Hamzah A, Yahya MD.
Elemental analysis of herbal preparations for traditional medicines by neutron activation analysis with the k0 standardization method.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1999 Winter;71-72:365-76.
PMID: 10676512 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[26 trace] Okamoto K.  
Preparation and certification of rice flour-unpolished reference material.
Sci Total Environ. 1991 Sep;107:29-44.
PMID: 1785053 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[26] Iyenga GV, Wolfe WR, Tanner JT, Morris ER.
Content of minor and trace elements, and organic nutrients in representative mixed total diet composites from the USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2000 Jul 10;256(2-3):215-26.
PMID: 10902848 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[26 trace] Iyengar GV, Rapp A.
Human placenta as a 'dual' biomarker for monitoring fetal and maternal environment with special reference to potentially toxic trace elements. Part 2: essential minor, trace and other (non-essential) elements in human placenta.
Sci Total Environ. 2001 Dec 3;280(1-3):207-19.
PMID: 11763268 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[26]  Dabeka RW, Conacher HB, Lawrence JF, Newsome WH, McKenzie A, Wagner HP, Chadha RK, Pepper K.
Survey of bottled drinking waters sold in Canada for chlorate, bromide, bromate, lead, cadmium and other trace elements.
Food Addit Contam. 2002 Aug;19(8):721-32.
PMID: 12227936 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Aras NK, Olmez I. Related Articles, Links  
Human exposure to trace elements through diet.
Nutrition. 1995 Sep-Oct;11(5 Suppl):506-11. 
PMID: 8748210 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 25 trace elements}

{25 trace]  Komaromy-Hiller G, Ash KO, Costa R, Howerton K.
Comparison of representative ranges based on U.S. patient population and literature reference intervals for urinary trace elements.
Clin Chim Acta. 2000 Jun;296(1-2):71-90.
PMID: 10807972 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[25 trace] Almeida CM, Vasconcelos MT, Barbaste M, Medina B.  
ICP-MS multi-element analysis of wine samples - a comparative study of the methodologies used in two laboratories.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2002 Sep;374(2):314-22. Epub 2002 Aug 28.
PMID: 12324855 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Iyengar GV, Kasperek K, Feinendegen LE. 
Determination of certain selected bulk and trace elements in the bovine liver matrix using neutron activation analysis.
Phys Med Biol. 1978 Jan;23(1):66-76. 
PMID: 635017 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 25 trace elements}

Teraoka H, Kobayashi J.s  
[Chemical investigation on minerals in human hair. 
(1) Analytical method and its findings on 25 elements in hair samples from various parts of Japan (author's transl)]
Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1977 Oct;32(4):574-87. Japanese.
PMID: 592524 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 25 elements}

[25 ele] Masuzawa T, Suzuki T, Seki K, Kosugi T, Hibi Y, Yamamoto M, Takada J, Matsushita R, Yanada M.
Multielement compositions of marine phytoplankton samples from coastal areas of Japan by instrumental neutron activation analysis.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1999 Winter;71-72:331-42.
PMID: 10676508 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[24] Wester PO.
Concentration of 24 trace elements in human heart tissue determined by neutron activation analysis.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1965;17(4):357-70. 
PMID: 5838273 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 24 trace elements}

[24]  Joshinaga J, Morita M, Yukawa M, Shiraishi K, Kawamura H.  
Certified reference material for analytical quality assurance of minor and trace elements in food and related matrixes based on a typical Japanese diet: interlaboratory study.
J AOAC Int. 2001 Jul-Aug;84(4):1202-8. 
PMID: 11501924 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[24] Subramanian KS, Meranger JC, Burnett RT.
Kidney and liver levels of some major, minor and trace elements in two Ontario communities.
Sci Total Environ. 1985 Apr;42(3):223-35. 
PMID: 4001918 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[24] Parr RM, DeMaeyer EM, Iyengar VG, Byrne AR, Kirkbright GF, Schoch G, Niinisto L, Pineda O, Vis HL, Hofvander Y, et al.  
Minor and trace elements in human milk from Guatemala, Hungary, Nigeria, Philippines, Sweden, and Zaire. Results from a WHO/IAEA joint project.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1991 Apr;29(1):51-75. 
PMID: 1711362 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Zhuk LI, Kist AA.
Mapping technique based on elemental hair composition data.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1990 Jul-Dec;26-27:307-20. 
PMID: 1704733 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 24 elements}

[24 trace] Iskander FY.
Assessment of trace elements in honey produced on uranium mining reclaimed land.
Sci Total Environ. 1996 Nov 29;192(1):119-22.
PMID: 8921625 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


Kist AA, Zhuk LI, Danilova EA, Mikholskaya IN.
Mapping of ecologically unfavorable territories based on human hair composition.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998 Summer;64(1-3):1-12. 
PMID: 9845458 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 24 trace elements}

Shtangeeva I, Kulikov V. 
Study of chemical element behavior in health and disease by means of neutron
activation analysis and multivariate statistics.
Nutrition. 1995 Sep-Oct;11(5 Suppl):592-4. 
PMID: 8748230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 23 trace elements}

Teraoka H. 
[Chemical investigation on inorganic elements in human hairs. (2). 
Concentrations of 23 elements in hairs of foreigners (author's transl)]
Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1981 Oct;36(4):712-7. Japanese. No abstract available. 
PMID: 7334678 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 23 elements}

[23 ele] Yanaga M, Enomoto S, Hirunuma R, Furuta R, Endo K, Tanaka A, Ambe S, Tozawa M, Ambe F. Related Articles, Links  
Multitracer study on uptake and excretion of trace elements in rats.
Appl Radiat Isot. 1996 Feb;47(2):235-40.
PMID: 8852630 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[23 ele] Wyttenbach A, Bajo S, Tobler L.
Major and trace elements in spruce needles by NAA.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1990 Jul-Dec;26-27:213-21.
PMID: 1704721 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 23 elements}

[23 trace] Zhai ST.
[23 hair trace elements measurement in patients with schizophrenia]
Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi. 1990 Dec;23(6):332-8, 383. Chinese. 
PMID: 2098242 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 23 trace elements}

[23 trace] Gromova OA, Avdeenko TV, Burtsev EM, Skal'nyi AV, Solov'ev OI.
[Effects of cerebrolysin on the oxidant homeostasis, the content of microelements and electrolytes in children with minimal brain dysfunction]
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1998;98(1):27-30. Russian. 
PMID: 9505400 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[23] Iyengar V, Woittiez J. Related Articles, Links  
Trace elements in human clinical specimens: evaluation of literature data to identify reference values.
Clin Chem. 1988 Mar;34(3):474-81. Review. 
PMID: 3280162 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[23] Wyrzykowska B, Szymczyk K, Ichichashi H, Falandysz J, Skwarzec B, Yamasaki S.
Application of ICP sector field MS and principal component analysis for studying interdependences among 23 trace elements in Polish beers.
J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Jul;49(7):3425-31.
PMID: 11453786 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[23 trace] Xie Y, Miyamoto H, Kondo M, Koga H, Zhang A, Ohmichi M, Inaba Y, Chiba M.
Element concentrations in urine of patients suffering from chronic arsenic poisoning.
Tohoku J Exp Med. 2001 Mar;193(3):229-35. 
PMID: 11315770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[23 trace] Yanaga M, Enomoto S, Hirunuma R, Furuta R, Endo K, Tanaka A, Ambe S, Tozawa M, Ambe F.
Multitracer study on uptake and excretion of trace elements in rats.
Appl Radiat Isot. 1996 Feb;47(2):235-40.
PMID: 8852630 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[22 trace] Iyengar GV, Rapp A. 
Human placenta as a 'dual' biomarker for monitoring fetal and maternal environment with special reference to potentially toxic trace elements. Part 2: essential minor, trace and other (non-essential) elements in human placenta.
Sci Total Environ. 2001 Dec 3;280(1-3):207-19. 
PMID: 11763268 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 

[22 trace] Hayashi M.
Factors involved in trace element metabolic abnormalities in hemodialysis patients.
Tokushima J Exp Med. 1990 Dec;37(3-4):103-15. 
PMID: 2094061 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Nagatsuka S, Tanizaki Y.
[Determination of trace elements in Stenopsyche griseipennis {Caddisfly} by neutron activation analysis (author's transl)]
Radioisotopes. 1981 May;30(5):253-7. Japanese. 
PMID: 7313142 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{Lists 22 trace elements}

[22] Ayrault S, Bonhomme P, Carrot F, Amblard G, Sciarretta MD, Galsomies L.
 Multianalysis of trace elements in mosses with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001 Feb;79(2):177-84. 
PMID: 11330524 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[22] Arslan Z, Ertas N, Tyson JF, Uden PC, Denoyer ER.
Determination of trace elements in marine plankton by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Fresenius J Anal Chem. 2000 Feb;366(3):273-82. 
PMID: 11225672 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]  Arslan Z, Ertas N, Tyson JF, Uden PC, Denoyer ER. Related Articles, Links  
Determination of trace elements in marine plankton by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Fresenius J Anal Chem. 2000 Feb;366(3):273-82. 
PMID: 11225672 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[22 trace] Wang X, Tian J, Yin XM, Zhang X, Wang QZ.
The excretion of biotrace elements using the multitracer technique in tumour-bearing mice.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2000 Dec;53(6):969-74. 
PMID: 11077959 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 

[22 trace] Liu G, Xie J. 
[Study on multi-element determination in drinking water by ICP-OES and ICP-MS]
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2000 Nov;29(6):359-61. Chinese.
PMID: 12520953 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[21 trace] Ejima A, Watanabe C, Koyama H, Satoh H.
 Analysis of trace elements in the central nerve tissues with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
Tohoku J Exp Med. 1996 Jan;178(1):1-10. Review.
PMID: 8848783 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[21] Krachler M, Rossipal E, Micetic-Turk D.
Concentrations of trace elements in sera of newborns, young infants, and adults.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1999 May;68(2):121-35.
PMID: 10327023 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[21] Obrusnik I.
Activation analysis of human hair {21} as a tool for environmental pollution monitoring.
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1986;30(1):11-25. Review. 
PMID: 3517158 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[20] Aalbers TG, Houtman JP, Makkink B.
Trace-element concentrations in human autopsy tissue.
Clin Chem. 1987 Nov;33(11):2057-64.
PMID: 3677380 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[20] Civit T, Houdayer AJ, Kennedy G.
A search for trace elements {20} in some human intracranial tumors by instrumental neutron activation analysis.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2000 Jun;74(3):203-10. 
PMID: 11055807 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[20] Singh V, Garg AN.
Availability of essential trace elements {20} in Ayurvedic Indian medicinal herbs using instrumental neutron activation analysis.
Appl Radiat Isot. 1997 Jan;48(1):97-101. 
PMID: 9022215 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[20] Lozak A, Soltyk K, Ostapczuk P, Fijalek Z.
Determination of selected trace elements in herbs and their infusions.
Sci Total Environ. 2002 Apr 22;289(1-3):33-40. 
PMID: 12049404 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[20 trace] Szentmihalyi K, Kery A, Lakatos B, Sandor Z, Petri G.
[Determination of 23 elements in lady's thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner)]
Acta Pharm Hung. 1998 May;68(3):157-62. Hungarian.
PMID: 9703702 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[20] Ryan DE, Holzbecher J, Stuart DC.
Trace elements {20} in scalp-hair of persons with multiple sclerosis and of normal individuals.
Clin Chem. 1978 Nov;24(11):1996-2000. 
PMID: 709834 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[20]  Civit T, Houdayer AJ, Kennedy G. 
A search for trace elements in some human intracranial tumors by instrumental neutron activation analysis.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2000 Jun;74(3):203-10.
PMID: 11055807 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[20 trace] van Selm G, Rook JS, Slanker M, Bartlett PC, Braselton WE.
Multielement assay of perinatal lamb livers by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy.
Am J Vet Res. 1988 Jun;49(6):960-4. 
PMID: 3400933 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 

[20] Bergamaschi L, Rizzio E, Valcuvia MG, Verza G, Profumo A, Gallorini M.  
Determination of trace elements {20} and evaluation of their enrichment factors in Himalayan lichens.
Environ Pollut. 2002;120(1):137-44. 
PMID: 12199460 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[19] Cunningham WC, Stroube WB Jr.
Application of an instrumental neutron activation analysis procedure to analysis of food.
Sci Total Environ. 1987 May;63:29-43. 
PMID: 3589654 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 

[19] Hou X, Hou Y.
Determination of 19 elements in human eye lenses.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1996 Oct-Nov;55(1-2):89-98. 
PMID: 8971357 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[19 trace] Senofonte, Violante N, Caroli S.  
Assessment of reference values for elements in human hair of urban schoolboys.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2000 Apr;14(1):6-13. 
PMID: 10836528 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[19]  Hou SF, Li HR, Wang LZ, Li DZ, Yang LS, Li CZ.
Contents of chemical elements in stomach during prenatal development: different age-dependent dynamical changes and their significance.
World J Gastroenterol. 2003 May;9(5):1063-6.
PMID: 12717857 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[19 trace]  Asano R, Suzuki K, Otsuka T, Otsuka M, Sakurai H.
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J Vet Med Sci. 2002 Jul;64(7):607-10. 
PMID: 12185315 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[19] Feng Q, Suzuki Y, Hisashige A.
Trace element contents {19} in hair of residents from Harbin (China), Medan (Indonesia), and Tokushima (Japan).
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[19] Muniz CS, Fernandez-Martin JL, Marchante-Gayon JM, Garcia Alonso JI, Cannata-Andia JB, Sanz-Medel A.
Reference values for trace and ultratrace elements in human serum determined by double-focusing ICP-MS.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001 Summer;82(1-3):259-72. 
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[19] Boyer KW, Jones JW, Linscott D, Wright SK, Stroube W, Cunningham W. 
Trace element levels in tissues from cattle fed a sewage sludge-amended diet.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1981 Jul-Aug;8(1-2):281-95.
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[19] Zaichick V, Tsyb A, Matveenko E, Chernichenko I.
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[19 trace] van Selm G, Rook JS, Slanker M, Bartlett PC, Braselton WE. 
Multielement assay of perinatal lamb livers by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy.
Am J Vet Res. 1988 Jun;49(6):960-4.
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[18 trace] Zaichik VE, Bagirov ShT.  
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[18 trace]  Anan Y, Kunito T, Watanabe I, Sakai H, Tanabe S. 
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[18 trace] Ndiokwere CL.
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[17] Forrer R, Wenker CH, Gautschi K, Lutz H.
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[17] Zaichick V.
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[17] Krachler M, Wirnsberger G, Irgolic KJ.
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[17 trace] Sroor A, el-Dine NW, el-Shershaby A, Abdel-Haleem AS. 
Major and trace elemental analysis in milk powder by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA).
J Environ Sci (China). 2003 Jul;15(4):570-6. 
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[17] Iyengar GV, Rapp A.
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[17] Ramakrishna VV, Singh V, Garg AN.
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[17 trace] Jones AO, Jacobs RM, Fry BE Jr, Jones JW, Gould JH.
Elemental content of predigested liquid protein products.
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[17 trace] Lachas H, Richaud R, Herod AA, Dugwell DR, Kandiyoti R. 
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Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001 Jul;81(1):47-62. 
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[17 trace] Krachler M, Domej W, Irgolic KJ.
Concentrations of trace elements in osteoarthritic knee-joint effusions.
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[17 trace] Hirunuma R, Endo K, Yanaga M, Enomoto S, Ambe S, Tanaka A, Tozawa M, Ambe F.  
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Trace elements  in manic depressive psychosis.
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[16 trace] Drake EN 2nd, Sky-Peck HH.
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Arsenic, antimony, gold, and mercury levels in the soft tissues of intertidal and terrestrial molluscs and trace element composition of their shells.
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[16 trace] Stowe HD, Braselton WE, Slanker M, Kaneene JB.  
Multielement assays of canine serum, liver, and kidney by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy.
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[16 trace] Rahil-Khazen R, Henriksen H, Bolann BJ, Ulvik RJ.
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[16] Kucera J, Bencko V, Sabbioni E, Van der Venne MT.
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Trace element changes in sclerotic heart valves from patients undergoing aortic valve surgery.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2002 Jul;88(1):9-24.
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[15 trace] Gundersen V, McCall D, Bechmann IE.  
Comparison of major and trace element concentrations in Danish greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Cv. Aromata F1) cultivated in different substrates.
J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Aug;49(8):3808-15.
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[15 trace]  Cubadda F, Raggi A, Testoni A, Zanasi F. Related Articles, Links  
Multielemental analysis of food and agricultural matrixes by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
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Trace elements {15} in scalp hair of professional drivers and university teachers in Hong Kong.
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[15] Balaji T, Acharya RN, Nair AG, Reddy AV, Rao KS, Naidu GR, Manohar SB. 
Multielement analysis in cereals and pulses by k0 instrumental neutron activation analysis.
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[Trace-elements in the human amniotic fluid (author's transl)]
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1980 Feb;40(2):185-7. German.
PMID: 7364182 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
{unrecognized}

[14] Rahil-Khazen R, Bolann BJ, Myking A, Ulvik RJ.
Multi-element analysis of trace element levels in human autopsy tissues by using inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry technique (ICP-AES).
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2002;16(1):15-25. 
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[14] Chicharro JL, Serrano V, Urena R, Gutierrez AM, Carvajal A, Fernandez-Hernando P, Lucia A. Related Articles, Links  
Trace elements and electrolytes in human resting mixed saliva after exercise.
Br J Sports Med. 1999 Jun;33(3):204-7. 
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A comparative study of seminal trace elements in fertile and infertile men.
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[14 trace] Coni E, Bocca B, Caroli S.
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Trace element concentrations in hair from autistic children.
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[14] Pihl RO, Parkes M.
Hair element content in learning disabled children.
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[14 trace]  Muniz CS, Fernandez-Martin JL, Marchante-Gayon JM, Garcia Alonso JI, Cannata-Andia JB, Sanz-Medel A.
Reference values for trace and ultratrace elements in human serum determined by double-focusing ICP-MS.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001 Summer;82(1-3):259-72.
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[14 trace] Domej W, Krachler M, Schlagenhaufen C, Trinker M, Krejs GJ, Irogolic KJ.
Trace elements in pleural effusions.
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[14 trace] Krachler M, Lindschinger M, Eber B, Watzinger N, Wallner S. 
Trace elements in coronary heart disease: Impact of intensified lifestyle modification.
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[14 trace] Ma YH, Recknagel S, Bratter P, Gawlik D, Negretti de Bratter V, Rosick U, Qiu XG, Jian XH, Gunther K, Pfeilsticker K, et al.
[Determination of minerals and trace elements in selenium tea from the Enschi district, People's Republic of China, and in its infusions using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis]
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Distribution of trace elements in the lipid and nonlipid matter of hair.
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[13 trace] Rajan MT, Jagannatha Rao KS, Mamatha BM, Rao RV, Shanmugavelu P, Menon RB, Pavithran MV.
Quantification of trace elements in normal human brain by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
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[13 trace]  White MA, Sabbioni E.
Trace element reference values in tissues from inhabitants of the European Union. X. A study of 13 elements in blood and urine of a United Kingdom population.
Sci Total Environ. 1998 May 27;216(3):253-70. 
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[13] Zheng BS.  
[An analysis on the reported values of trace elements in human serum]
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[13 trace] Barany E, Bergdahl IA, Bratteby LE, Lundh T, Samuelson G, Schutz A, Skerfving S, Oskarsson A.
Relationships between trace element concentrations in human blood and serum.
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[13 trace] Rajan MT, Jagannatha Rao KS, Mamatha BM, Rao RV, Shanmugavelu P, Menon RB, Pavithran MV.
Quantification of trace elements in normal human brain by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
J Neurol Sci. 1997 Mar 10;146(2):153-66.
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[13 trace] Rahil-Khazen R, Bolann BJ, Ulvik RJ. 
Correlations of trace element levels within and between different normal autopsy tissues analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
Biometals. 2002 Mar;15(1):87-98. Erratum in: Biometals 2002 Jun;15(2):197-9. 
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[13] Chyla MA, Zyrnicki W.  
Determination of metal concentrations in animal hair by the ICP method: comparison of various washing procedures.
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[13 trace]  Zhou X, Cheng F, Nin M.
[ICP-AES analysis of trace elements in human hair of chronic hepatitis]
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2000 Jun;20(3):361-3. Chinese. 
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[13 trace] Man CK, Zheng YH, Mak PK. 
Hair analysis of spastic children in Hong Kong.
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[12] Moro R, Gialanella G, Zhang YX, Perrone L, Di Toro R. 
Trace elements in full-term neonate hair.
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[12] Alimonti A, Petrucci F, Laurenti F, Papoff P, Caroli S.
Reference values for selected trace elements in serum of term newborns from the urban area of Rome.
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[12 trace] Kunito T, Watanabe I, Yasunaga G, Fujise Y, Tanabe S. 
Using trace elements in skin to discriminate the populations of minke whales in southern hemisphere.
Mar Environ Res. 2002 Mar;53(2):175-97.
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[12] Kosta L, Byrne AR, Dermelj M. 
Trace elements in some human milk samples by radiochemical neutron activation analysis.
Sci Total Environ. 1983 Aug;29(3):261-8. 
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[12] Mussalo-Rauhamaa H, Lakomaa EL, Kianto U, Lehto J. 
Element concentrations {12} in serum, erythrocytes, hair and urine of alopecia patients.
Acta Derm Venereol. 1986;66(2):103-9. 
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[12] Wang J, Yang S, Chen G, Li D, Pang A, Tian H. 
Contents of trace elements in the hair of aplastic anemia patients and their treatment based on an overall analysis of symptoms and signs.
J Tradit Chin Med. 1994 Jun;14(2):98-100. 
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[12] Oluwole AF, Asubiojo OI, Adekile AD, Filby RH, Bragg A, Grimm CI. 
Trace element distribution {12} in the hair of some sickle cell anemia patients and controls.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1990 Jul-Dec;26-27:479-84. 
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[12] Ohta A, Siraishi F, Nagahara T, Tomura K.
[Neutron activation analysis of biological samples]
Nippon Rinsho. 1996 Jan;54(1):207-14. Review. Japanese. 
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[12] Saiki M, Takata MK, Kramarski S, Borelli A.
Instrumental neutron activation analysis of rib bone samples and of bone reference materials.
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[12 trace] Capar SG, Gould JH. 
Lead, fluoride, and other elements in bonemeal supplements.
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Sb Lek. 1997;98(2):107-14. 
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[12 trace] Takahashi S, Takahashi I, Sato H, Kubota Y, Yoshida S, Muramatsu Y.
Determination of major and trace elements in the liver of Wistar rats by inductively
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[11] Kalashnikov VM, Zaichik VE, Bizer VA.
[Trace elements of bone tumors]
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[11] Takahashi S, Takahashi I, Sato H, Kubota Y, Yoshida S, Muramatsu Y.
Age-related changes in the concentrations of major and trace elements in the brain of rats and mice.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001 May;80(2):145-58. 
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[11] Batzevich VA.
Hair trace element {11} analysis in human ecology studies.
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[11] Arriola H, Longoria L, Quintero A, Guzman D.
INAA of trace elements in colorectal cancer patients.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 1999 Winter;71-72:563-8. 
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A survey of trace elements in pteridophytes {ferns).
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2000 Jun;74(3):259-73.
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[10] Ashraf W, Jaffar M, Mohammad D.
Age and sex dependence of selected trace metals {10} in scalp hair of urban population of Pakistan.
Sci Total Environ. 1994 Jul 18;151(3):227-33. 
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Age and sex dependence of selected trace metals in scalp hair of urban population of Pakistan.
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(La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, and Lu in hair and wheat powder)

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FISH, FISH OIL AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS


[14] "Nutritional status of Danish patients with rheumatoid arthritis and effects of a diet adjusted in energy intake, fish content and antioxidants" Hansen G, Nielsen L, Kluger E, Thysen MH, Emmertsen H, Stengard-Pedersen K, Lund EC, Unger B, Andersen PW. Reumatologisk afdeling, Kong Christian X's Gigthospital, Grasten. Ugeskr Laeger 1998 May 18;160(21):3074. Article in Danish.
In the remaining 81, those following the diet demonstrated a significant improvement in the duration of morning stiffness, the number of swollen joints, the pain status and a reduction in the cost of medicine.

[15] "Diet and fatty acids: can fish substitute for fish oil?" Fahrer H, Hoeflin F, Lauterburg BH, Peheim E, Levy A, Vischer TL. Department of Rheumatology, University of Bern, Switzerland. Conclusion: 4 to 6 meals with fish per week without any other dietary changes can induce similar changes in lipids as a supplement of fish oil.

[16] "Clinical applications of fish oils." Yetiv JZ. Department of Emergency Medicine, Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, Calif. JAMA 1988 Aug 5;260(5):665-70 - Comment in: JAMA. 1989 Feb 3;261(5):698-9. Cardiovascular health may be improved because fish and fish oil supplements lower plasma lipid levels (especially triglycerides), inhibit platelet aggregation, and may decrease blood pressure and viscosity and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Preliminary observations also suggest a potential future role for fish oils in the treatment of some autoimmune diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and *rheumatoid arthritis*.

[19] "Efficacy of fish oil concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." Volker D, Fitzgerald P, Major G, Garg M. Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. J Rheumatol 2000 Oct;27(10):2343-6 - Comment in: J Rheumatol. 2000 Oct;27(10):2305-7. UI: 20488292. The findings suggest that fish oil supplementation that delivers (n-3) fatty acids at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight/day, with dietary (n-6) fatty acid intake more than 10 g/day in the background diet, results in substantial cellular incorporation of (n-3) fatty acids and improvements in clinical status in patients with RA.

[20] "Effects of high-dose fish oil on rheumatoid arthritis after stopping nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Clinical and immune correlates." Kremer JM, Lawrence DA, Petrillo GF, Litts LL, Mullaly PM, Rynes RI, Stocker RP, Parhami N, Greenstein NS, Fuchs BR, et al. Division of Rheumatology, Albany Medical College A-100, NY 12208, USA. In the group taking fish oil, there were significant decreases from baseline in the mean number of tender joints, duration of morning stiffness, physician's and patient's evaluation of global arthritis activity, and physician's evaluation of pain (-0.38 +/- 0.12; P = 0.004). 





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OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS


[11] "Long-term effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis". 
Geusens P, Wouters C, Nijs J, Jiang Y, Dequeker J. Arthritis and Metabolic Bone Disease Research Unit, K. U. Leuven, U. Z. Pellenberg, Belgium. Arthritis Rheum 1994 Jun;37(6):824. CONCLUSION. Daily supplementation with 2.6 gm of omega 3 results in significant clinical benefit and may reduce the need for concomitant antirheumatic medication.

[12] "N-3 Fatty Acid Supplements in Rheumatoid Arthritis". Kremer JM. Division of Rheumatology, Albany Medical College, New York 12208, USA. Am J Clin Nutr 2000 Jan;71(1 Suppl):349S-51S
Ingestion of dietary supplements of n-3 fatty acids has been consistently shown to reduce both the number of tender joints on physical examination and the amount of morning stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.


[13] "Biochemical effects of a diet containing foods enriched with n-3 fatty acids". Mantzioris E, Cleland LG, Gibson RA, Neumann MA, Demasi M, James MJ. Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.Am J Clin Nutr 2000 Jul;72(1):42-8
A wide range of n-3-enriched foods could be developed to benefit persons with cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis.


[17] "Decreased interleukin-1 beta levels in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients after dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids." Espersen GT, Grunnet N, Lervang HH, Nielsen GL, Thomsen BS, Faarvang KL, Dyerberg J, Ernst E. Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg Hospital, Denmark. Clin Rheumatol 1992 Sep;11(3):393-5. We conclude that dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids results in significantly reduced plasma IL-1 beta levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.


[18] "Dietary n-3 fatty acids and therapy for rheumatoid arthritis." James MJ, Cleland LG.
Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia.Semin Arthritis Rheum 1997 Oct;27(2):85-97. There is consistent evidence from double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials that dietary n-3 fats, supplied as fish oil, can have beneficial effects in RA. Arthritis Rheum 1995 Aug;38(8):1107-14. Patients taking dietary supplements of fish oil exhibit improvements in clinical parameters of disease activity from baseline. Some patients who take fish oil are able to discontinue NSAIDs without experiencing a disease flare.














































	IB] Specific trace elements and their clinical and therapeutic effects

	[Author's note:] While practically all investigators focus on one particular trace
	element and its role in a specific disorder, the aggregate of these studies encompasses a
	wide range of trace elements and a great range of disorders and diseases. Here we list
	only the newly recognized trace elements

           	IBa] Selenium

			IBa1] paper.
			IBa2] paper
			IBa3] paper








		IBb] Cobalt

			IBb1] paper
			IBb2] paper
			IBb3] paper

		IBc] Chromium

			IBc1] paper
			IBc2] paper
			IBc3] paper

		IBd] Nickel


II] Fish, Fish oil and Omega-3 fatty acids in human nutrition


		IIA] Fish and fish oil

		[Author's note:] Please note that marine fish and fish oil also contain the
		complete range of the 72 natural trace elements. This is not generally recognized.

			IIA1] paper
			IIA2] paper
			IIA3] paper


		IIB] Omega-3 fatty acids

			IIA1] paper
			IIA2] paper
			IIA3] paper