References - Abstracts of 50 Published Papers
(Articles 31 - 40 of 50)
Comments:
All of these articles show that our bodies contain far more than the 8 long known nutritional trace elements maintained by our agriculture, and hence, in our daily food. However, the sources of these non-agricultural trace elements are entirely incidental, even accidental.
The most common source is, in most cases, our drinking water. This, though, varies from region to region, and even from place to place, and can range from very few trace elements to far too many, and far too much. Drinking water containing too much sulfur, too much iron, for instance, is not uncommon. The problem with this and many other sources is that their trace element content is not bio-mediated - taken up, filtered and combined with organic compounds, and in the ideal ratios as generated by all vegetation.
The second most common source would be the amount of seafood in our nutrition. This varies widely, depending purely upon personal preferences, and can range from none at all to a fair amount. Curiously, some of the poorest of the poor, those people who survive on a daily diet of toast and sardines, will have a near ideal trace element intake.
Other incidental sources are 'wild' food, such as wild game, berries, herbs and teas; a liking for certain imported foods from countries which practice an agriculture which still return most life-wastes to the soil - mostly those countries which cannot afford modern 'fertilizers'; food grown on newly cultivated soils, whose natural trace element content has not yet become deficient or exhausted; and even breathing. We obtain many of the trace elements in our system - aluminium is chief among them (and far too much) - by breathing-in suspended particulates in our air.
Another incidental source is any food grown on those farms which routinely and regularly apply dolomite lime to their soils. Dolomite rock was formed from vast deposits of the shells of ancient marine creatures, and consequently, contains the complete natural range of the 72+ nutritional trace elements. For the same reason, some wines are another good source of the complete natural range of the nutritional trace elements. Most French and Italian wines, for instance, are made from grapes grown in soil over a substrate of dolomite rock. This may well be the astonishing health 'secret' of the French and Mediterranean diets.
All of these sources are incidental though, and they vary not only from region to region and place to place, but also from individual to individual, and many of them are not bio-mediated.
All of the following references have been obtained from
| PubMedline |
the public archives of the National Library of Medicine
[31] Appl Radiat Isot - 1997 Jun;48(6):727-733
The use of a multi tracer technique for the studies of the uptake and retention of trace elements in rats.
Hirunuma R, Endo K, Yanaga M, Enomoto S, Ambe S, Tanaka A, Tozawa M, Ambe F
Showa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
The uptake by, and distribution and retention of radioactive isotopes in various organs of Wistar rats were examined using the multitracer technique. A hydrocholoric acid solution (pH 3) of a carrier-free radioactive multitracer was prepared from gold foil irradiated with a 14N beam of 135 MeV nucleon. The solution was administered orally to 12 7-week-old male rats. Urine and faeces were collected and each group of three rats was killed at 1, 2, 3 or 6 days after administration. The percentage of administered dose of the 17 elements, Mn, Co, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Eu, Gd, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, W, Re, Ir and Pt in the organs blood and excreta were determined using gamma-ray spectrometry. Each element revealed its characteristic distribution among the different organs, including the blood. These results are discussed and compared with those of single-tracer experiments, and the advantages of the multitracer technique are presented.
[32] Ann Clin Lab Sci - 1996 May;26(3):252-263
Involvement of analytical chemistry in chemical speciation of metals in clinical samples.
Cornelis R
Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Gent, Belgium.
The different chemical species of the trace elements in a living system are determinants for their physiological behaviour. Their study is necessary to improve the understanding of trace element kinetics and metabolism. In a complex matrix, such as biological fluids and tissues, some trace elements will occur as free or mononuclear ions; other as low molecular weight complexes, as reversible or irreversible macromolecular complexes. Speciation investigations entail the separation of the compounds, followed by the measurement of the trace element in the different fractions. Frame-work-procedures are outlined and attention is drawn on the many difficulties that can be encountered. These include the complexity of the matrix, insufficient specificity of the separation of biocompounds, fortuitous contaminations with trace elements, and cutting the original metal-protein binding. State of the art description is given for the speciation studies of AI, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Pt, Se, Sn, and Zn.
[33] Z Lebensm Unters Forsch - 1996 Jun;202(6):447-450
Applicability of neutron activation analysis (NAA) in quantitative determination of
some essential and toxic trace elements in food articles.
Dermelj M, Stibilj V, Byrne AR, Benedik L, Slejkovec Z, Jacimovic R
J. Stefan Institute, Jamova, 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Accurate and reliable data on microgram and nanogram quantities of some essential and
toxic elements in most food articles are very scarce. Neutron activation analysis (NAA), with its essentially blankfree advantage, is a valuable approach in the field of determination of trace elements in different foodstuffs and diets. Accordingly, various radiochemical (RNAA) and instrumental (INAA) approaches have been developed in our laboratory for the element As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, I, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn, Th, U, V, and others, and verified by the analysis of compositionally appropriate certified reference materials.
[34] Nutrition - 1995 Sep;11(5 Suppl):506-511
Human exposure to trace elements through diet.
Aras NK, Olmez I
Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
During the past several years, we have collected more than 50 total diet samples from different socioeconomic groups in Turkey by the duplicate-portion technique. The samples were homogenized with a titanium-blade homogenizer, freeze-dried, and analyzed for their minor and trace elements by atomic absorption spectrometry and by instrumental neutron activation analysis. As a result we have determined concentrations of more than 25 elements in total diet and calculated daily dietary intakes of these population groups. Sources of trace elements were estimated through correlation coefficient and enrichment factor calculations.
[35] Sci Total Environ - 1993 Nov 1;139-140:399-402
Concentration of elements in human brain: glioblastoma multiforme.
Andrasi E, Suhajda M, Saray I, Bezur L, Ernyei L, Reffy A
Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, L. Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary.
In this paper the results of two coordinated biomedical research projects are presented. The first project involves the determination of the average values of elements in normal human brain (20 individuals, age-group 65-75). 21 brain parts were selected from both hemispheres. Determinations were carried out by ICP-AES and INAA methods. The main (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, P, S) and trace elements (Al, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn) were
investigated. Quality control was ensured by using NBS Bovine Liver SRMs. On the basis of our investigations the regional distribution of elements can be given. The second goal was to detect the possible trace element changes in histopathologically selected brain regions from patients with glioblastoma multiforme. The majority of elements displayed no statistically significant differences between the studied groups, except the reduced
levels of B and Zn and the increased level of Sr compared to the tissue from control individuals.
[36] Biol Trace Elem Res - 1990 Jul;26-27:637-645
Multielement determination in rice, wheat, and barley by instrumental neutron activation analysis.
al-Jobori SM, Shihab KM, Jalil M, Saad A, Mohsin A
Nuclear Research Center, Tuwaitha, Baghdad, Iraq.
INAA has been used for the determination of Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, and W in grains of rice, wheat, and barley, which were collected from different plant fields in Iraq. Samples and standards were irradiated in the IRT-5000 reactor, at neutron fluxes of 2 x 10(13) cm-2.s-1 and 3.2 x 10(11) cm-2.s-1. Interferences of photopeaks with each other were considered, and reaction interferences were calculated and determined experimentally. Accuracy of our method was assessed by the analysis of IAEA standards Wheat Flour and Bovine liver. A good agreement has been achieved between the present results and recommended values. The precision and detection limit were determined for all elements in all types of grain.
[37] Acta Derm Venereol - 1986;66(2):103-109
Element concentrations in serum, erythrocytes, hair and urine of alopecia patients.
Mussalo-Rauhamaa H, Lakomaa EL, Kianto U, Lehto J
The trace element concentrations of Se, Rb, Zn, Fe, Co, Cs, Mg, Ca, F, Cu, Cr and Ag in serum and of Se, Rb, Zn, Fe, Co and Cs in red cells of Finnish alopecia patients were determined. In addition the Cu and Zn content in 24 h urine and Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr and Se concentrations in the hair of these patients were studied. No differences in element concentrations of the samples mentioned above as compared to those of the normal population could be found. In addition, there was no tendency of excesses or deficiences of elements analysed in the samples. Statistically significant difference was found between the copper content of serum in alopecia areata and alopecia universalis patients and also between the copper content of serum in alopecia areata plus alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis patients. The selenium concentration in serum samples of a few patients was low, but this is in agreement with the fact that the selenium content in the Finnish population is low due to the scanty content of selenium in food.
[38] Sci Total Environ 1986 - Oct;54:237-245
Evaluation of trace elements in human lung tissue. III. Correspondence analysis.
Vanoeteren C, Cornelis R, Verbeeck P
The concentrations of 22 trace elements in 13 segments of both lungs of eight individuals were subjected to correspondence analysis, a display method based on principal components analysis. Sample groups were isolated which coincide with the age of the individuals. The firmness of the clusters decreased however with aging. The elements Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Pb, Sc, Se and V had the most important influence on the grouping. It can be assumed that they are enriched in the tissue by inhaled particulate matter, deposited and accumulated in an insoluble form. The correlation between the elements is proof for their similar behaviour in the lungs: Co, Cr, Sb, Sc and V have a long biological half-life in the tissue, whereas Zn and K are easily removed.
[39] Radioisotopes - 1986 Feb;35(2):65-69
Determination of elements in bovine tissues by instrumental neutron activation analysis. [Article in Japanese]
Ito N, Shimoya H, Kanaji Y, Iwamoto N, Furukawa Y
Instrumental neutron activation analysis was carried out to obtain the normal concentration of trace elements in bovine tissues (heart, liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes) and serum. Concentrations of 17 elements were determined. In this paper, concentrations of Al, Br, Cs, In and Rb are given and correlations of concentrations are discussed between Cl and Br and between K and Cs or Rb. Significant positive correlations have been found between Cl and Br concentrations in all tissues, between K and Cs concentrations in tissues excluding kidney, and between K and Rb concentrations in tissues excluding liver.
[40] Sci Total Environ - 1980 Sep;16(1):13-35
Distribution of 23 elements in the kidney, liver and lungs of workers from a smeltery and refinery in North Sweden exposed to a number of elements and of a control group.
Brune D, Nordberg G, Wester PO
The levels of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, caesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, lanthanum, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, phosphorus, rubidium, scandium, selenium, silver, tellurium, tin, tungsten and zinc in the kidney, liver and lungs of autopsy specimens from exposed workers in North Sweden, as well as from a control group, have been assayed quantitatively. The workers had been exposed to several elements and their compounds, e.g. lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium, for long periods in arsenic, lead or selenium plants and in a lead or copper smelter. The chemical analysis was by neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Median levels of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium cobalt, lanthanum, lead or selenium in kidney, liver or lungs in the exposed worker group were found to be about 2 to 16 times as great as the corresponding levels for the control group. Long biological half-life values were observed for these elements, especially in lung tissue.
Legend
Ac - Actinium; Ag - Silver; Al - Aluminium; Am - Americum; Ar - Argon; As - Arsenic; At - Astatine; Au - Gold; B - Boron; Ba - Barium; Be - Beryllium; Bi - Bismuth; Bk - Berkelium; Br - Bromine; Ca - Calcium; Cd - Cadmium; Ce - Cerium; Cf - Californium; Cl - Chlorine; Cm - Curium; Co - Cobalt; Cr - Chromium; Cs - Caesium; Cu - Copper;
Dy - Dysprosium; Er - Erbium; Eu - Europium; F - Fluorine; Fe - Iron; Fr - Francium; Ga - Gallium; Gd - Gadolinium; Ge - Germanium; Hf - Hafnium; Hg - Mercury; Ho - Holmium; I - Iodine; In - Indium; Ir - Iridium; K - Potassium; Kr - Krypton; La - Lathanum; Li - Lithium; Lu - Lutetium; Mg - Magnesium; Mn - Manganese; Mo - Molybdenum;
N - Nitrogen; Na - Sodium; Nb - Niobium; Nd - Neodymium; Ni - Nickle; Np - Neptunium; Os - Osmium;
P - Phosphorus; Pa - Protactinium; Pb - Lead; Pd - Palladium; Pm - Promethium; Po - Polonium;
Pr - Praseodymium; Pt - Platinium; Pu - Plutonium; Ra - Radium; Rb - Rubidium; Re - Rhenium; Rh - Rhodium; Rn - Radon; Ru - Ruthenium; S - Sulfur; Sb - Antimony; Sc - Scandium; Se - Selenium; Si - Silicon; Sm - Samarium;
Sn - Tin; Sr - Strontium; Ta - Tantalum; Tb - Terbium; Te - Tellurium; Th - Thorium; Ti - Titanium; Tl - Thallium; Tm - Thulium; V - Vanadium; W - Tungsten; Y - Yttrium; Yb - Ytterbium; Zn - Zinc; Zr - Zirconium.
Abstracts
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